\chapter{List of Acronyms}
\parindent 0mm

{\bf ACTAR TPC}: Active Target and Time Projection Chamber

{\bf AD (Antiproton Decelerator)}: An antiproton faciity at CERN, currently the only in the world which provides high quality antiproton beams.

{\bf AGB star (Asymptotic Giant Branch)}: Region in the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram. Intermediate-mass stars with 0.6–10 solar masses leave the Main sequence after completion of their hydrogen burning phase and appear as Red Giant star in the Asymptotic Giant Branch region when they ignite helium burning and thus increase their luminosity.

{\bf ALPHA (Antihydrogen Laser PHysics Apparatus)}: An experimental program at the CERN
Antiproton Decelerator which performs antihydrogen symmetry tests.

{\bf ALPHA-2/3}: The second generation apparatus and subsequent upgrade of the ALPHA experiment focused primarily on precision laser spectroscopy.

{\bf ALPHA-g}: An experimental apparatus to measure the gravitational interaction of antihydrogen, which is mostly Canadian funded.

{\bf ANL (Argonne National Laboratory)}: A DOE national laboratory in Argonne,
Illinois, which is home to a number of facilities, including the ATLAS
heavy-ion accelerator.

{\bf APS (American Physical Society)}

{\bf ARC (Astronomy Research Center)}: Communication  platform  to increase awareness  and  opportunities  in  astronomical  research  at  the  University  of  Victoria. ARC hosts an NSERC-CREATE training program on New Technologies for Canadian observatories


{\bf ARIEL (Advanced Rare IsotopE Laboratory)}: A project to enhance
TRIUMF’s capabilities to produce rare isotope beams and to showcase new
Canadian accelerator technology.

{\bf ARIES (Ancillary detector for Rare-Isotope Event Selection)}: Ancillary detector subsystem of the GRIFFIN spectrometer for beta tagging and fast-timing.

%GH: Makoto suggested to remove
%{\bf ATRAP (Antimatter TRAP)}: An experiment at CERN trapping and studying the properties of antihydrogen atoms.

{\bf BELEN (BEta-deEayEd Neutron detector)} European $^{3}$He-long counter neutron detection array built for operation within the DESPEC collaboration at FAIR. It can be used at both, ISOL and in-flight fragmentation facilities. 


{\bf BNL (Brookhaven National Laboratory)}: A DOE national laboratory in Upton, New
York, which is home to a number of facilities including RHIC and the future EIC.

{\bf BRIKEN (Beta-delayed neutron studies at RIKEN)} Large $^{3}$He-long counter neutron detection array with an implantation detector which will take data at RIKEN Nishina Center until 2021. 

{\bf CANREB (CANadian Rare-isotope facility with Electron-Beam ion source)}: A
CFI-funded initiative that will improve the purity of rare ion beams delivered
by ARIEL to ISAC.

{\bf CANS (Compact Accelerator-driven Neutron Source)}: A less expensive, alternative technology to nuclear reactors based on an accelerator-driven neutron source. 

{\bf CARIBU (CAlifornium Rare Isotope Breeder Upgrade)}: A facility for creating neutron-rich rare isotopes at Argonne National Laboratory.

{\bf CEMP (Carbon-Enhanced Metal-Poor)}: A set of stars with very low abundances of heavy elements whose origin cannot be described by the two main heavy element production processes, the rapid and the slow neutron capture process.

{\bf CERN (Centre European pour la Recherche Nucleaire)}: The European
Organization for Nuclear Research, based in Geneva, Switzerland.

{\bf CFI (Canada Foundation for Innovation)}: Created by the Government of Canada in
1997, CFI makes investments in state-of-the-art research facilities and
equipment in a wide variety of scientific disciplines.

{\bf CINP (Canadian Institute of Nuclear Physics)}: The organization that gathered
input from the Canadian nuclear physics research community in order to put
together this document.

{\bf CNO cycle:} Hydrogen burning cycle in the interior of stars involving isotopes of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and oxygen (O). 

{\bf CPT (Canadian Penning Trap)}: The CPT spectrometer is designed to provide
high-precision mass measurements of short-lived isotopes. It is located
at the Argonne National Laboratory in Argonne, Illinois.

{\bf CPT (Charge, Parity, Time reversal)}: A fundamental property of local relativistic quantum field theories.

{\bf CR (Collector Ring)}: Large storage ring presently being constructed as part of the new FAIR facility in Germany.

{\bf CREX (Calcium Radius EXperiment)}: Measurement for the measurement of the neutron-skin in  $^{48}$Ca at Jefferson Laboratory.

{\bf DCSB (Dynamical Chiral Symmetry Breaking}: The mechanism by which quark-gluon interactions are expected to dynamically generate most nucleon mass, ultimately accounting for $>98\%$ of the mass of the visible universe.

{\bf DESCANT (DEuterated SCintillator Array for Neutron Tagging)}: A neutron detector array to be used at ISAC.

{\bf DESPEC (DEcay SPECtroscopy)}: Decay spectroscopy collaboration at FAIR.  

{\bf DFT (Density Functional Theory)}

{\bf DOE (Department of Energy)}: The United States Department of Energy, which
operates a number of national laboratories across the USA.

{\bf DRAGON (Detector of Recoils And Gammas Of Nuclear reactions)}: A
detector designed to measure the rates of nuclear reactions important in
astrophysics, based at ISAC-I.

{\bf DSAM} - Doppler Shift Attenuation Measurements; a technique to measure femto-second lifetimes of nuclear levels.

{\bf EBIT/S (Electron Beam Ion Trap/ Source)}

{\bf EDM (Electric Dipole Moment)}: Permanent electric dipole moments are forbidden
for fundamental particles by time reversal violation.

{\bf EFT:} Effective Field Theory

{\bf EIC (Electron-Ion Collider)}: A new DOE nuclear physics user facility to be 
constructed at Brookhaven National Laboratory.

{\bf ELENA (Extra Low ENergy Antiproton ring)}: Antiproton cooling and deceleration ring, under construction as an upgrade to the Antiproton Decelerator at CERN.

{\bf EMMA (ElectroMagnetic Mass Analyzer)}: A device being constructed to
study the products of nuclear reactions involving rare isotopes at ISAC-II.

{\bf EOS (Equation of State)}: Thermodynamic equation relating variables which describe the state of matter under a given set of physical conditions, in astrophysics for example for the relation between the pressure and the density, and the resulting radius of neutron stars.

{\bf ESR (Experimental Storage Ring}: Heavy-ion storage ring at the GSI Helmholtz Center for Heavy Ion Research in Germany.

{\bf EXACT-TPC}: Exotic Nuclei Active Target Time Projection Chamber

{\bf EXO (Enriched Xenon Observatory)}: An experiment seeking to measure
neutrinoless double beta-decay in $^{136}$Xe.  The experiment is currently
located at the WIPP facility in New Mexico, USA. A substantially larger
next-generation detector nEXO is proposed for SNOLAB.

{\bf FAIR (Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research)}: An accelerator facility for
studying nuclear structure and nuclear matter, presently under construction as upgrade of the GSI facility in Darmstadt/ Germany.

{\bf FCAL}: Forward Calorimeter 

{\bf FIPPS (FIssion Product Prompt $\gamma$-ray Spectrometer) is a $\gamma$-ray spectrometer used at ILL Grenoble.}

{\bf FRIB (Facility for Rare Isotope Beams)}: A new DOE user facility for nuclear
science, under construction on the campus of Michigan State University.

{\bf FrPNC (Francium Parity Non-Conservation)}: An experiment to study
atomic parity non-conservation in francium, based at ISAC-I.

{\bf GANIL (Grand Accelerateur National d'Ions Lourds)}:
France's national heavy-ion facility specializing in the production of a wide variety of intense stable and rare-isotope beams for nuclear physics research and applied nuclear science. 

{\bf GlueX (Gluonic Excitations Experiment)}: An experiment seeking to identify
hybrid mesons with explicit gluonic degrees of freedom at Jefferson Lab Hall D.

{\bf GPD (Generalized Parton Distribution)}:  A framework to better understand hadron structure by representing the parton distributions as functions of more variables, such as transverse momentum and parton spin.  They can be used to study the spin structure of the proton, and will enable a tomographic 3D picture of the proton to be built up.

{\bf GRIFFIN (Gamma-Ray Infrastructure For Fundamental Investigations of
Nuclei)}: Compton-suppressed High-purity germanium clover array for gamma-ray spectroscopy with stopped radioactive ion beams.

{\bf GW170817 (Gravitational Wave)}: Gravitational wave signal detected by LIGO and Virgo on August 17th, 2017. This event was triggered by a binary neutron star merger and the following light curve of the electromagnetic signature, a kilonova, showed for the first time signatures of heavy element production in the rapid neutron-capture process.

{\bf GSI}: Formerly "Gesellschaft fuer Schwerionenforschung", now GSI Helmholtz Center for Heavy Ion Research in Darmstadt, Germany.

{\bf HAICU (Hydrogen-Antihydrogen Infrastructure at Canadian Universities} for quantum innovations in antimatter science): A proposed CFI initiative to establish an infrastructure in Canada for the development of quantum sensing techniques for antimatter research, such as anti-atomic fountains and antimatter wave interferometers.

{\bf HERA}: A former electron proton collider at the DESY laboratory in Hamburg, Germany.

{\bf HGC (Heavy Gas Cherenkov detector)}: A Cherenkov detector that makes use of a gas with high index of refraction (typically a form of Freon) for particle identification in subatomic physics experiments.

{\bf HIE-ISOLDE (High Intensity and Energy ISOLDE)} - an upgrade of the current ISOLDE facility at CERN to produce accelerated radioactive beams.

{\bf HPC (High-Performance Computing)}:  Leveraging large scale computing facilities
or networks towards problems on scales that are prohibitive on individual systems.

{\bf HQP (Highly Qualified Personnel)}: Personnel obtaining advanced skills as a
result of NSERC-funded research, including students, postdocs and technicians.

{\bf IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency)}:  Set up within the United Nations family in 1957 as the world's centre for cooperation in the nuclear field, the Agency works with its Member States and multiple partners worldwide to promote the safe, secure and peaceful use of nuclear technologies.

{\bf IBM}: The interacting boson model (IBM) is a model used in nuclear physics calculations.

{\bf IG-LIS (Ion Guide Laser Ion Source)}: Laser ion source that can be operated at TRIUMF-ISAC. Provides excellent suppression of unwanted surface-ionized species by a repeller electrode.

{\bf IHEP}: The Institute for High Energy Physics, in Beijing, China.

{\bf ILIMA (Isomers, LIfetimes, and MAsses)}: Collaboration for the measurement of lifetimes and masses of radioactive isotopes in storage rings like the ESR at GSI and the new CR at FAIR in Germany. 

{\bf ILL}: The Institut Laue–Langevin is an internationally scientific facility, situated on the Polygone Scientifique in Grenoble, France. It is one of the world centres for research using neutrons.

{\bf INCITE}: Novel Computational Impact on Theory and Experiment, US Department of Energy program.

{\bf IReNA (International  Research  Network  for  Nuclear  Astrophysics)}: US National Science Foundation AccelNet Network of Networks connecting six interdisciplinary research networks across 17 countries to foster collaborations in Nuclear Astrophysics.

{\bf ISAC (Isotope Separator and ACcelerator)}: A rare isotope accelerator facility, based at TRIUMF. There are two experimental halls, ISAC-I and ISAC-II.

{\bf ISOL (Isotope Separation On-Line)}: A technique of radioactive ion production in which spallation and fission of thick targets is used to produce a wide range of radioactive nuclei.

{\bf ISOLDE (Isotope Separator On-Line DEtector)}: An On-Line Isotope Mass Separator facility at CERN for the study of low-energy beams of radioactive isotopes .

{\bf JLab (Jefferson Lab)}: The Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility,
located in Newport News, Virginia.

{\bf JEF}: Jefferson Lab Eta Factory, at Hall~D, Jefferson Lab.

{\bf JELF (John R. Evans Leaders Fund)}: A CFI program that enables a select number of an institution’s researchers to undertake research by providing them with the infrastructure required to be or become leaders in their field. 

{\bf JINA-CEE (Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics - Center for the Evolution of the Elements}: Multi-institutional Physics Frontiers Center funded by the US National Science Foundation.

{\bf J-PARC (Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex)}: A high intensity proton
accelerator facility located in Kamioka, Japan.

{\bf LGC (Light Gas Cherenkov detector)}: A Cherenkov detector that makes use of a gas with low index of refraction (typically a noble gas such as Neon) for particle identification in subatomic physics experiments.

{\bf LIGO (Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory)}: NSF-funded gravitational wave observatory to detect cosmic gravitational waves and to develop gravitational-wave observations as an astronomical tool. The two LIGO interferometers are located in the USA in Hanford, Washington and Livingston, Louisiana.

{\bf LLNL}: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, located in Livermore, California.

{\bf LQCD}: Lattice QCD.

{\bf MAMI (Mainz Microtron)}: An electron accelerator facility, located on the
campus of the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Germany.

{\bf Majorana}: An experiment whose objective is to study double beta-decay in $^{76}$Ge.

{\bf MCMC (Markov-Chain Monte Carlo)}: In statistics, MCMC methods comprise a class of algorithms for probability distribution. 

{\bf MESA (Mainz Energy-Recovering Superconducting Accelerator)}: A new electron synchrotron under construction on the campus of the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Germany.

{\bf MINIBALL} - a gamma-ray detector array based at ISOLDE-CERN.

{\bf MOLLER}: An experiment to measure the parity-violating asymmetry in
electron-electron (Moller) scattering at Jefferson Lab.

{\bf MR-TOF (Multi-Reflection Time-of-Flight)}: A MR-TOF traps ions between two electrostatic mirrors, folding the flight path into an extremely compact device, while achieving resolving powers on the order of 10$^5$.

{\bf NASA}: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, founded in 1958, is an independent agency of the U.S. federal government responsible for the civilian space program, as well as aeronautics and space research.

{\bf NCSM}: No-Core Shell Model

{\bf NCSMC}: No-Core Shell Model with Continuum

{\bf NERSC (The National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center)}: The primary scientific computing facility for the Office of Science, US Department of Energy.  It is located at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, in California.

{\bf NLO/NNLO (Next to Leading Order/Next-to-Next to Leading Order)}: increasing
level of complexity of various types of loop diagrams.

{\bf NSAC (Nuclear Science Advisory Committee)}: An advisory committee that provides official advice on basic nuclear science research to the U.S.  Department of Energy (DOE) and the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF).

{\bf NSCL (National SuperConducting Laboratory)}: Radioactive beam facility at Michigan State University. Now hosting FRIB. 

{\bf NEEC/NEET (Nuclear Excitation by Electron Capture/ Nuclear Excitation by Electron Transition)}: Two nuclear excitation mechanisms in highly-charged ions involving atomic electrons.

{\bf NSERC (Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada)}: An agency of the Government of Canada that supports university students in their advanced studies, promotes and supports discovery research, and fosters innovation by encouraging Canadian companies to participate and invest in postsecondary research projects.

{\bf NSERC-CREATE}: The NSERC Collaborative Research and Training Experience (CREATE) program supports the training and mentoring of teams of highly qualified students and postdoctoral fellows from Canada and abroad through the development of innovative training programs.

{\bf NSF}: U.S. National Science Foundation.

{\bf NuPECC (Nuclear Physics European Collaboration Committee)}: Co-ordinates nuclear
physics research planning as an Expert Committee of the European Science
Foundation.

{\bf ORNL}: Oak Ridge National Laboratory, located in Oak Ridge, Tennessee.

{\bf PACES (Pentagonal Array of Conversion Electron Spectrometers)}: Ancillary detector subsystem of the GRIFFIN spectrometer for internal conversion electron spectroscopy.

{\bf PI-ICR (Phase-Imaging Ion-Cyclotron-Resonance)}: Technique used in ion trap facilities to increase the mass resolution.

{\bf POLARIS} Polarized Radioactive Isotope Science; a future facility that will produce polarized radioactive beams at TRIUMF

{\bf pQCD (Perturbative QCD)}: QCD in the hard-scattering regime, where perturbative
methods can be reliably employed, as opposed to the non-perturbative regime
where they cannot.

{\bf PREX/CREX (Lead (Pb) Radius Experiment/ Calcium Radius Experiment)}: Two
experiments at Jefferson Lab utilizing parity violating electron scattering to
determine the neutron radius of these nuclei, as opposed to their charge or
matter radii.

{\bf PVES}: Parity Violating Electron Scattering.

{\bf PWA}: Partial Wave Analysis. PWA is a technique for solving scattering problems by decomposing each wave into its constituent angular momentum components and carrying out a spin-amplitude analysis, that includes production and decay elements.

{\bf QCD (Quantum ChromoDynamics)}: The theory describing the fundamental interactions
between quarks and gluons.

{\bf RAMS (Radioactive Molecules for Fundamental Science):} A facility to search for symmetry-violating effects in radioactive molecules proposed for ISAC/ARIEL, and discussed in Sec.~\ref{sec:funsym:rams}

{\bf RCMP (Regina Cube for Multiple Particles)}: Ancillary detector subsystem of the GRIFFIN spectrometer for charged-particle spectroscopy.
 
{\bf RCNP (Research Centre for Nuclear Physics)}: A national centre for nuclear
physics, based in Osaka, Japan.

 {\bf RDM} - Recoil Distance Method (RDM) for measuring pico-second lifetimes of nuclear levels.

{\bf RHIC (Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider)}: A high-energy heavy-ion collider
facility based at Brookhaven National Laboratory.

{\bf RIB}: Rare/ radioactive ion beam.

{\bf RIBF (Rare Isotope Beam Factory)}: A user facility for nuclear science,
located at RIKEN Nishina Center in Japan.

{\bf RIKEN (The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research)}: Japan's largest
comprehensive research institution that performs research in a diverse range of
scientific disciplines, including physics, chemistry, medical science, biology
and engineering.  Founded in 1917 as a private research foundation in Tokyo,
RIKEN has grown in size and scope, and now encompasses a network of research
centers and institutes across Japan.

{\bf SAL (Saskatchewan Accelerator Laboratory)}: The former electron accelerator
at the University of Saskatchewan.

{\bf SAP (SubAtomic Physics)}: The broader field of nuclear and particle physics,
comprising all knowledge taking place at scales smaller than that of the atom.

%{\bf SBS (Super Big-Bite Spectrometer)}: A moderate acceptance magnetic spectrometer
%to be installed in Jefferson Lab Hall A.

{\bf SCEPTAR (SCintillating Electron-Positron Tagging ARray)}: Ancillary detector subsystem of the GRIFFIN spectrometer for beta tagging.

{\bf SHARC (Silicon Highly-segmented Array for Reactions and Coulex)}: Ancillary detector subsystem of the TIGRESS spectrometer for charged-particle detection.

%{\bf SHMS (Super High Momentum Spectrometer)}: An 11 GeV/c superconducting magnetic
%spectrometer at Jefferson Lab Hall C.

{\bf SiPM}: Silicon Photo Multiplier.

{\bf SLAC}: The Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, in Stanford, California.

{\bf SM (Standard Model)}: The standard model of elementary particle interactions.

{\bf SoLID (Solenoidal Large Intensity Device)}: A high luminosity, large acceptance
detector for Jefferson Lab Hall A that makes use of the former CLEO
solenoid magnet.

{\bf SNO+}: An experiment under construction at SNOLAB, whose objective is
to use the infrastructure from SNO to study double beta-decay and lower-
energy solar neutrinos using a liquid scintillator instead of heavy water.

{\bf SNOLAB}: An underground science laboratory specializing in neutrino and
dark matter physics, based in Sudbury, Canada.

{\bf SPICE (SPectrometer for Internal Conversion Electrons)}: Ancillary detector subsystem of the TIGRESS spectrometer for internal conversion electron spectroscopy. 

{\bf SPIRAL 2}: A heavy-ion accelerator facility in Caen, France.

{\bf SRF (Superconducting Radio Frequency)}: Acceleration of charged particles
via the use of superconducting cavities operating in the radio frequency range.
Several examples include the ISAC-II and ARIEL accelerators at TRIUMF, and the
Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator at Jefferson Lab.

%{\bf TACTIC (TRIUMF Annular Chamber for Tracking and Identification of
%Charged particles)}: A device used in conjunction with TUDA.

{\bf TASCC (Tandem Accelerator SuperConducting Cyclotron)}: The former
heavy-ion accelerator at Chalk River.

{\bf TIGRESS (TRIUMF-ISAC Gamma-Ray Escape-Suppressed Spectrometer)}:
Compton-suppressed and segmented high-purity germanium clover array for gamma-ray spectroscopy with accelerated stable and radioactive ion beams.

{\bf TIP (TIGRESS Integrated Plunger)}: Ancillary detector subsystem of the TIGRESS spectrometer for heavy-ion recoil detection.

{\bf TITAN (TRIUMF’s Ion Trap for Atomic and Nuclear science)}: An ion trap
facility at ISAC for high-precision mass measurements of rare isotopes.

{\bf TI-STAR (TIGRESS Silicon Tracker ARray)}:  New auxiliary charged particle detector optimized for direct nuclear reaction studies with heavy, exotic beams at ARIEL. It will be coupled to the TIGRESS array. 

{\bf TPC (Time Projection Chamber)}: Particle detector that uses a  combination of electric fields and magnetic fields together with a sensitive volume of gas or liquid to perform a three-dimensional reconstruction of a particle trajectory or interaction.

{\bf TRIFIC (TRIumf  Fast  Ionization  Chamber)}: Ancillary detector subsystem of the TIGRESS spectrometer for heavy-ion recoil detection.

{\bf TRINAT (TRIUMF Neutral Atom Trap)}: A device to trap and study the
radioactive decays of neutral atoms, based at ISAC-I.

{\bf TRISR (TRIUMF Storage Ring)}: Proposed low-energy, heavy ion storage ring coupled to the ISAC facility at TRIUMF. 

{\bf TRIUMF (TRI-University Meson Facility)}: Canada's national laboratory for particle and nuclear physics, based in Vancouver, BC. TRIUMF is owned and operated by a consortium of (presently 21) Canadian universities.

{\bf TUDA (TRIUMF U.K. Detector Array)}: A detector designed to measure
the rates of nuclear reactions important in astrophysics, based at ISAC-I.

{\bf TUNL (Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory)}:  U.S. Dept. of Energy Center of Excellence, consisting of a consortium of Duke University, North Carolina Central University, North Carolina State University, and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.


{\bf UCN (Ultra-Cold Neutron)}: A CFI-funded facility to study neutron properties at 
high precision in the TRIUMF meson hall.

{\bf VS-IMSRG (Valence-Space In-Medium Similarity Renormalization Group)}: Novel many-body approach which can be thought of as \textit{ab-initio} shell model approach to atoms and nuclei, using electromagnetic and the latest two- and three-nucleon forces. 

{\bf WEP (Weak Equivalence Principle)}: A fundamental assumption/property of Einstein's General Theory of Relativity; when applied to antimatter, it requires that the gravitational acceleration of an antimatter body be identical to that of a matter body.

{\bf WIMP (Weakly-Interacting Massive Particle)}

{\bf ZDS (Zero-Degree Scintillator)}: Ancillary detector subsystem of the GRIFFIN spectrometer for beta tagging and fast coincidence timing. 
